IPv4 and Subnet Mask

Subnet Mask

 Logical subdivision of an IP network and dividing a network into two or more networks is called subnetting. For IPv4, a network may also be characterized by its subnet mask. Subnets may be arranged logically in a hierarchical architecture, partitioning an organization's network address space into a tree-like routing structure. 




https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subnetwork

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