IPv4 and Subnet Mask

IPv4
 Fourth version of the Internet Protocol (IP). one of the core protocols of standards-based internet working methods in the Internet. IPv4 is a connectionless protocol for use on packet-switched networks and addressed by an upper layer transport protocol, such as the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP).

 IPv4 uses 32-bit addresses which limits the address space to 4294967296 (232) addresses. IPv4 reserves special address blocks for private networks (~18 million addresses) and multicast addresses (~270 million addresses).

Reserved address blocks

Private IP range

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPv4

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